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Forward Flight Ceilings
The altitude at which the rate of climb is zero is the absolute ceiling, and the altitude at which the rate of climb is 100 ft/min is the service ceiling. Both these ceilings can be found from Figure 4.49 for a gross weight of 20,000 lb. The same analysis at other gross, weights can be used to obtain the plot of ceiling as a function of gross weight, as in Figure 4.51.
A military mission may be considerably more complicated than simply flying from one place to another. A typical mission might include the following segments:
|
1. Warm-up and takeoff |
Maximum continuous power, 2 min, S. L. |
|
2. Climb |
Intermediate power, S. L. to 5,000 ft |
|
3. Cruise outbound |
Maximum continuous power, 90 N. M. minus |
|
the distance required to climb 5,000 ft |
|
|
4. Loiter |
20 min S. L. |
|
5. Dash |
Intermediate power, 10 min, S. L. |
|
6. Hover OGE |
10 min S. L. |
|
Land and discharge 6,600 lb |
|
|
of payload |
|
|
7. Warm-up and takeoff |
Maximum continuous power, 2 min, S. L. |
|
8. Climb |
Intermediate power, S. L. to 10,000 ft |
|
9. Cruise inbound |
99% maximum S. R., 100 N. M. minus climb |
|
distance to 10,000 ft |
|
|
10. Land with 10% reserves |
Since the fuel required for the mission is not known, the takeoff gross weight cannot be initially determined. The landing weight, however, can be closely estimated since it is simply the minimum operating weight plus a small fuel reserve. For this reason, it is convenient to analyse the mission in reverse as on Table 4.4.
