. General motion solution
The airfoil lift for a general motion can be obtained by Duhamel’s (convolution) integral, which is a superposition of the infinitesimal step solutions over the motion history.
The inputs are the airfoil motion given by h(t) and 0(t), and the atmospheric gust motion given by wgust(t). These quantities define a3c/4(t) and agust(t) which are then used in the convolution integrals for ciq above, and are also used directly for clA.