Four Reference Points

We begin by introducing four useful reference points for developing an appreciation of flying qualities and flight dynamics; these are summarized in Fig. 2.1 and comprise the following:

(1) the mission and the associated piloting tasks;

(2) the operational environment;

(3) the vehicle configuration, dynamics and the flight envelope;

(4) the pilot and pilot-vehicle interface.

With this perspective, the vehicle dynamics can be regarded as internal attributes, the mission and environment as the external influences and the pilot and pilot-vehicle interface (pvi) as the connecting human factors. While these initially need to be dis­cussed separately, it is their interaction and interdependence that widen the scope of the subject of flight dynamics to reveal its considerable scale. The influences of the

Fig. 2.1 The four reference points of helicopter flight dynamics

mission task on the pilot’s workload, in terms of precision and urgency, and the external environment, in terms of visibility and gustiness, and hence the scope for exploiting the aircraft’s internal attributes, are profound, and in many ways are key concerns and primary drivers in helicopter technology development. Flying qualities are determined at the confluence of these references.