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Lift
To sustain an aircraft in the air in steady and level flight, it is necessary to generate an upward lift force which must exactly balance the weight, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1. Aircraft do not always fly steady and level, however, and it is often
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Fig. 1.1 Forces on an aircraft in steady level flight The lift exactly balances the weight, and the engine thrust is equal to the drag |
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Fig. 1.2 The direction of the aerodynamic forces The lift force is at right angles to the direction of flight relative to the air and to the wing axis, and is therefore not always vertically upwards. Note that as in the case illustrated, an aircraft does not normally point in exactly the same direction as it is travelling |
necessary to generate a force that is not equal to the weight, and not acting vertically upwards, as for example, when pulling out of a dive. Therefore, as illustrated in Fig. 1.2, we define lift more generally, as a force at right angles to the direction of flight. Only in steady level flight is the lift force exactly equal in magnitude to the weight, and directed vertically upwards. It should also be remembered that, as shown in Fig. 1.2, an aircraft does not always point in the direction that it is travelling.
