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The conventional wing
There are various methods of generating lift, as we shall describe, but we will start with the conventional wing.
In the conventional or classical aeroplane, each component serves one main function. The names and purposes of the principal components are shown in Fig. 1.3. In this classical configuration, nearly all of the lift is generated by the
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provide directional
stability and control
Tailplane (honzontal stabiliser) provides stability and control
Fig. 1.3 The classical aeroplane
Each component serves only one main purpose wing. The tail, which is intended only for stability and control, normally provides a slight negative lift or downforce.
Early attempts at aviation were often based on bird flight, where the flapping wing provides both the lift and the propulsive thrust. The classical arrangement (often attributed to the English engineer Cayley), provided a simpler approach that was better suited to the available technology. Some unconventional arrangements do have theoretical advantages, however, and because of advances in technology, they are becoming more common. On some recent aircraft types, the tail, and even the fuselage may contribute significantly to the lift, but we will deal with such departures later.
