• Troop carrier • Helicopter gunship • Medical evacuation
  American soldiors in Vietnam won a prolonged, hand-to-hand battle with North Vietnamese infantry in the la Drang Valley in 1965, thanks to a new concept: air cavalry. The Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter, or ‘Huey’, enabled air cavalry soldiers to move from one firefight to another by air, leapfrogging the enemy and seizing the advantage. The ‘Huey’ revolutionised warfaro, adding a new dimension to air mobility.
 ▼ Purple haze
Landing on a purple smoke signal from tho ground troops, a ‘Huey’ lands at an artillery hrebase to offload shells earned m a cargo net.
A Machine-gun
Fitted with twin 7.62-mm Browning machine-guns, tho UH-1 was a devastating gunship.
▼ Resupply mission
The ‘Huey’ allowed ground units to refuel anywhere. This UH – ID is carrying a cargo of fuel cans.
◄ Straight into action
Troops would often iump into a landing zone. especially it the pilots suspected that the area was mined.
FACTS AND FIGURES
The ‘Huoy’ helicopter was the first turbine – powered aircraft to sorve with tho US Army when it was adopted in 1959.
► The first prototype In the series made its first flight on 22 October 1956.
► Thousands of UH-1s wore shot down in Viotnam, mainly by small-arms fire.
► In Vietnam, tho ‘Huey’ replaced the Piasecki H-21 as tho principal US Army troop-carrying holicoptor.
► The UH-10 had a lengthened fusolage and was first flown on 16 August 1963.
► The total number of aircraft in tho ‘Huey’ family exceeds 11,000.
|
|
 |
|
UH-1 В Iroquois
Type: generat-puipose helicopter
Powurplant: one 1044-kW (i.-tOO-hp.) Avco Lycoming T53I3B turboshiitt
Maximum speed: 204 krrvTi (126 m. p.n) Renge: 383 km (237 mi.) at sea tevei
|
|
|
Loft: ‘Huoys’ had to fly m extremely dangerous conditions. UH-1 crow casualties in Vietnam were exceeded only by the Marines and Army ground troops.
|
|
|
Service ceiling: 5790 m (19.000 fL|
|
|
|
Hover ceiling: 4635 m 05.200 ft.)
|
|
|
Weights: empty 2177 kg (4.78916.); maximum take-o!! 3856 kg (8.483 lb l
Armament: up to 3800 *g 18.300 id.) of g. ms rockets, missiles and grenades, including 40- mm gmnade-launcher. 70-mm air-to-ground rocket proiectues and 7.62-mm (.30 cal) machine-guns
Dimensions:
rotor o-ameter 14.63 m (48 ft.)
length 12.31 m (40 ft 5 in)
height &77 m (12 ft. 5 in )
rotor e*c area 168 fflm’ (1.809 sq. ft.)
|
|
|
grenade-launchers or four side-mounted guns On tlie Ktttlefield.1 soldier might lie put into action at the I./ (landing zoneI In – one lluey, given covering file In another and taken to the field hospital by a third Cl 1-1
|
|
|
Right: Flying tho ‘Huoy’ in Vietnam required good handling skills. Carrying a full load of troops in •hot-and-high" conditions, often landing in small /ungle clearings while under intense ground-tire, tho pilots soon learned tactical dying skills.
|
|
|
|
|
The standard US Army helicopter in Vietnam, the UH-1
was first introduced in 1959 and continues in service
(in modified form) to this dny. This ni/cratt is a ‘slick’
troop-carrier version, without external armament.
|
|
|
|
Plots always chocked the cjcass-Hbre rater bfcXJos Mono a flight » ««jure that the поГлм» w-ла rot dulunwiatng fney a’EO mspftctod tho *0 cafod ‘Jesus nut when hen trw iron rota beaded secure^.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
The large, r. vn btoded man mk r had a thek rretal tcodv-y edgo spiv, vitich nkwod p4otn
Confmxi WxJnQ.-on»W
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
‘mod hnltw:iy iKtng the «8ЇХХХП to offload the main mtor »1 tprwanl Піу2
|
|
|
compartment coakl carry 141 to Ш troops *1 combat gear 01 ax siretenors.
Tho enw chart supervised oadrvg ot cargo, and a gutmor operated the M 60 machmc gun
|
|
|
Тім twirvbinttod tat iota лаз protected by a tmuf bumper. when very often struck the ground when plots Там ham during combat fendmgs___________________________
|
|
 |
 |
|
■ PIASECKI H-21 SHAWNEE: this twn-rotor machine was the tirst US Army helicopter deployed In Vietnam In support ot the ARVN. It was soon replaced by – Hueys’ and Chinooks.
|
|
|
■ SIKORSKY H-34 CHOCTAW: Used mainly by the US Marine Corps, the H-34 was fital used for undercover missions wtlh the Special Forces in Laos. Westland based ns Wessex on the H-34
|
|
|
KM HOUND’ t ■ 12.7-ШП (.50 cal.) «зсмвв*ип
|
|
 
Bell
• South African design • Attack helicopter • Battlefield support
  Designed and produced in South Africa by Atlas Aviation, the Rooivalk or ‘Red Kestrel’, is an advanced armod attack helicopter. It can be deployed in support of highly mobile ground forces, in the anti-armour, deep penetration, close air support, reconnaissance and helicopter escort roles. A 20-mm high-speed cannon is carried in the nose turret and an assortment of missiles and other ordnance may be carried on the stub wings.
   
Atlas Rooivalk
A Crash protection
The cockpits are similar, having head-up displays (HUDs) with night vision compatibility. Crash-worthy structure, protected systems and energy-absorbing seats give crow high crash survivability.
▼ Fast attack
With a top speed of over 300 km/h (185 m. p.h.) and a top climb rato of 670 m (2.200 f. p.m.) per minute, the Rooivalk can avoid detection during an attack thanks to its low radar and infra-red signature.
▼ Adaptable
Operating away from its home base, the Rooivalk can be quickly changed between attack, support and escort roles.
FACTS AND
► Dovelopmont of South Africa’s first attack helicopter began In 1981 with tho XH-1 Alpha and XTP-2 Beta tost aircraft.
>• The Rooivalk uses some cloments of the AOrospatialo Puma’s rotor drive systom.
► First flown on 11 Fobruary 1990, the Rooivalk entered service in late 1996.
FIGURES
>• Spocial cockpit systems allow tho crew to survlvo a crash, with sensors that cut off tho oloctrics and fuel automatically.
> An automatic flight control system is fitted, with auto-hover and auto-land.
> Tho Rooivalk is dosignod to operate at low lovol (under 15 m/50 ft) and at high speeds.
|
|
 |
|
CSH-2 Rooivalk
Type: attack and battleftetd support hetcoptor
Powerplant: two 1356-kW (i 818-hp.) Topaz turboshafts
|
|
|
Maximum speed: 315 knvb (195 m. p.h >
Initial climb rate: 670 nVmin <2.2001.p. m) Range: 700 km (435 mi.) (without drop tanks) Service ceiling: 6100 m <20.000 tt.|
Weights: empty 5910 kg (13.000 lb ), maximum tako-off 8750 kg <19.250 lb.)
Armament: nosc-mountod singlo-barn 20-mm cannon of doubSe-ba/rel 20-mm cannon, pkjs a varHrty of rockets and misVes on stub wings
Dimensions:
main rotor diameter 15.58 m (51 8.2 mj
length overall 18.73 m (61 ft. 7 in.)
freight 5.19 m <17 «.)
rotor disc area 190.60 m’ (2.051 sq tt.)
|
|
|
Above: Rooivalk is able to fly a large number of sorties in the battlefield area, making a hot turnaround with full re-arming and refuelling in 15 minutes.
|
|
|
Left: Multi-role operations can be conducted with pairs of helicopters. One operates in the attack role. The other provides armed roconnaissanco and escort or defends адл/nsf enemy aircraft.
|
|
 |
|
|
|
The 5ve-bla0od composite tnf rotor л rented on tho stnifcoard жХ» Ot the swoot-back dorsal *.n. wth a horuontnf slanftvr an the port udn
|
|
|
|
|
The faur-blaocd ocmponrto mam rotor hao a duinotoi ot 15 58 m (51 It 2 rv) find и ami* !o that ot the French Puma. It tws a Cappnq nmge nft-jui 38 dogreev An oulomalic lUgh: control yyjtwn c/trwJn uutomafe txjvormg und taruJi’xj locates
|
|
|
the Rooualk ire* a ciuarng *peea wmUr to Pun of those «net modem attack hetcopier®. ore Ш ІЛ-2Є and Eurocool«• T. yre HAP Spaed* лиу лссоnimg so too loam earned; during an attack mason a tirt V loaded rwtcopMr w« ity at an appracobf/ Ooww speed limiting « marosuvmblrty
|
|
 |
|
The fuselage and engine ccrwingc have largo access
panels that. wfiwi lowered, can bo
used as pattorms Уж maritenonco worirors.
The engines have Brer own built-in aulonulc bun – delecton systems
|
|
|
Anoooirv nulcrr. it c Thrwat 051 profecton
|
|
|
, (ft-ro-slabfcsed turret nouses an oetoctmn and Hacking system warning und jarnmny seh r*s амі fitted
|
|
|
HiM’.’&l
Ths ПсочаїхЧ engne* ar* mem ponw>A4 than those of tn* Lurocopfsr l^r*. tiut of a lower hiring than tire Russian IA28 Engine powtw ruts a major tearing on tire speed and toad carryog abiilies of these акгап. mom pcmertui attack
Інгі copters bang abe
to lit heavier loads
|
|
|
Тгш МсусЛо landng gear has two fixed h«/i energy absorbing front man logs and. i LvMhnrt. it ttre baas ot the vernal lallm
|
|
|
A tvpcai weapons oad consists of eight anti armoi* axJ tour ar to av missies as wtft as 400 rounds ot 20-mm ammunbon lor the nose-meunted cannon.
|
|
|
|
|
oderri attack helicopters
|
|
|
An ««a n dre Rooivalk tun a decreed adv antag* over both in» hgru and Ml-28 is «md-jranc* At 4 hr 65 mn at 1525 m. the South АІпсап агсгаЛ is abe la spend tree* и ><*ig и the Mt-?3 on a mawtn and nvw an hour tongar than lire Ьдг* This greatly ncrooacs tha оротаыуге! ПюоЫтгу о» Иге aircraft
|
GSM
|
|
|
|
я \ ‘1 /
|
a, »
|
О ’* #
|
|
« И
|
–
|
|
» ^
|
v • _
|
|
|
«
|
|
|
■f *
|
|
|
|
CSH-2 ROOWAU
|
Mi-28 MAVOC-A’
|
ТИЛЕ НАГ
|
|
4 Mon SS nln
|
2 touts
|
1 Mur* main
|
|
|
 |
|
■ MDH AH-64D LONGBOW APACHE: US
day/night and adverse weather attack helicopter developed from the AH-64A
|
|
|
■ MIL Mt-28 HAVOC: Russian battlefield attack helicopter planned to replace the successlul Mt-24 ‘Hrd’ in the Russian army.
|
|
     
Bell
Aside from the Italian nay, operators of Uie original AS1I-3I> anti-submarine helicopter include the navies ol Argentina. Brazil and Peru The AS-61 VII’ and logistic transport nvxlel was bought in small numlx-rs 11 Tgypt Iran. Iraq.
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
Another military variant is the ASUrKPelican mmb. tt search – and a-suic helicopter, equivalent to the HH-ЗГ which ts used In the Italian air force, later versions have upgraded avionics
king for night rescue missions.
In the course of its evolution, the AS-61 Ixvarne a much more capable helicopter. Early S-6b had a weapon load of less than l(M) kg <HHO lb t. but tlu – SI 1-А!> can carry much I wavier loads, such as a pair r»f Kxocet or I laqxaon anti-ship missiles.
Agusta also built several uvil variants. fu-r producing 13 S-611. and 123 sr»Jl civil versions of the Sea King. Agusta pnxluced the AS-61.1 Silver, which has a lightly shorter fuselage
Above: Often flown as a transport helicopter, the AS-61 is also capablo ol attacking enemy ships with missiles.
and seating for 2S passengers instead of the original 30 It has increased fuel capacity for longer range – it is capable of living more than %6 km (600 miles) with 2-І passengers.
|
|
|
|
|
The kjrye luse&go nfiows the Sea Keg to undertake и witM winery of tasks. These nave ranged «тат arm submarine pairoSs and searrn and rescue to VIP transport and erwon commercial cceral«cns
|
|
|
the Sea Kzg has a large fve-DJaao rolor пело Navtk vfldanlB have a 6P6oaJsed rc4cr hoed that aTcws fix* rotors to be toded back afcng tho fusewgn lor шоу atcroge on naval vessels
|
|
|
The urge AS-dlR Pe»can is a onveoceo venucm of lh« Son King Ths PnNcnn alter» m sgtiilcanl speed noranlng* over the Fnxxh ixilt Soper Fitfon Cot и и рост porforrasr естрагон 10 the late*- OeflnM Couflor
|
|
|
Devofopod in tho Into 1950s. the Sea King looks sot to continue operations across tho world, dospito tho development ol того advanced designs.
|
|
 |
|
The lotting t»l rotec attow* the netcopler lo be stored fcetow Tlx, unusual ліра ot she °*cks and m me sniafi
ftjsmago reflects the boat-liko Isaacs ot legates. cn-iagn ot tho hetcopter Though rarefy practiced. tt*e hoheopter can land cn wsitor.
|
|
|
two V» .jo scotraans prolnxlo I tern other twdo of the Ллеїлде. They iw»e emergency hototen gw m tho event of n emth яі sea.
|
|
|
IH=iHl.'[ri
Bwlne-hd In coang duo to d* icouromonl to carry теки» rnyupment. ths AS-61 П. e al*o
|
|
 |
|
AS GIR
|
ASS32C
|
SA 3710
|
|
MUCH*
|
COUGAR
|
SUPffi
|
|
338) я 1.10ЭП
|
<100 в
|
FRUOk
|
|
(1J.4S0 (t.)
|
3100 n
|
|
10.100 ft.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pum*. lh* Cougar has oxcoptonol pevfcvirayv*
|
|
Atlas
   Agusta started to build Sikorsky’s Model 61 – equivalent to the US Navy’s SH-3D Sea King – for the Italian navy in 1967. A whole sorios of specialized military and civil variants followed, and the HH-3F, operated by the Italian air force as the S-61R Pelican, was still in production 30 years later. Other S-61s have been exported and license-built for military and civil operators in Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America.
  A Ail-weather capability
This Italian example has a nose – mounted search radar to assist during rescue operations.
▼ Home grown
The Italian company Augusta obtainod a liconso from Sikorsky to build the Sea King.
FACTS AND
Tho S-61 designation applies to export versions of tho Anti-Submarinos-Warfaro Sea King.
>• The first flight of tho helicopter was on March 11, 1959.
► Mitsubishi also builds tho S-61 undor license in Japan.
FIGURES
> For anti-ship operations, the Sea King can carry two Exocet missiles, which have a range of up to 145 km (90 miles).
> The helicopter Is capable of landing on water in an emergency.
> A British civil S-61N Is used In the Falkland Islands for transport dutios.
   
• Licence-built Italian sub-hunter • Ten operators worldwide
Boll installed a Pratt & Whitney Turbo Twin-Рас engine into its 205 airframe to produce the AB.212 – the equivalent of a twin-engined helicopter. The Italian company Agusta was alone, however, in recognising the potential of the aircraft as a highly successful and effective anti-submarine and anti-surface vessel platform.
Agusta went on to build in excess of 100 AB.212ASW helicopters.
 |
|
A Sub-hunting sensors
Two sensors are usod to dotoct and localise submarines: a Benda dipping sonar and a search radar – the British Ferranti Soa Spray or Italian MEL APS-705.
|
|
|
▼ Torpedo armament
Italian AB.2l2ASWs carry a range of homing torpedoes, from the Amohcan Mk 44 and 46 to the Italian Motorfides 244AS (botow).
|
|
|
A Anti-ship missile armament
The AB.212ASW also has on important anti-surfaco vessel role.
Tho primary armament is the fire-and-forget’ Made Mk 2 missile. Alternative weapons include French AS. 12s and Bntish Soa Skuas.
◄ Middle East combat
The 20 AB 212ASWs sold to Iran in 1974 are now behoved to bo non-opcrationol due to poor servicing and a lack of spare parts. Iraq’s order for 10 machines was embargoed with the outbreak of the Gulf War.
|
|
    
FACTS AND
► Comprehensive avionics allow the AB.212ASW to operate In all weathers, and at any time of day or night.
► Two torpedoes or dopth charges are available for submarine attacks.
► For utility operations a 2270-kg (5.000-lb.) cargo sling may bo fittod.
FIGURES
► The AB.212ASW is able to oporato from decks previously used by tho similarly sized AB.204AS.
>■ In tho search and rcscuo role, the AB.212ASW can carry four stretchers.
> Tho ongino Is protected against salt wator
corrosion.
|
|
|
AB.212ASW
Type: ASW and ASV neUcopter
Powerplant: one 1398-kW <1.875-hp.) Prati & Whitney Canada PT6T-6 Turbo Twin-Рас
Maximum speed: 338 knvh (149 m, p.h.) at sea level
Endurance: 5 hours, or 4 hours 7 min on an ASV mission with two AS t2 rrwsilos
|
|
 |
|
Gull, liring Frencli-supplied AS. 12 missiles The deliver,’ of 10 Alt 212ASWS ordered b) Iraq in l‘«3 was dehiycd and finally cancelled when Iraq invaded Kuwait.
|
|
|
Above: The AB.212 can afso provide mid-course guidance corrections (via a Teseo TG-2 datahnk under the nose) lor ОТО Moiara ТОМАТ 2 anti-ship missiles used by tho Italian navy.
|
|
|
Initial climb rate: 396 nViw (1.300 f. p-m i at 500 lev»!
Service ceiling: 3200 m (10.500 ft I
|
|
|
Weights: empty 3420 kg (7,524 it).;, maximum take-off 5070 kg (11.154 43.)
Armament: two Mk 44. Mk 40 or MO 44 torpedoes or two mr-to-surface nwsiles
|
|
|
Loft: Tho Turkish navy bought 12 AB.212ASWs. which serve aboard ‘Yavuz’-class fngates. Thoso arc fitted with Bntish-built Sea Spray radar and Sea Skua air-to-suriace missiles.
|
|
|
Dimensions:
тли rolor dameter
length
height
main rotor disc area
|
|
|
14 63 m (48 ft.) 17.40m(57 ft.) 4.53 m (14 ft 10 in) 168.10 m <1.809 sq. f1.|
|
|
|
|
|
Oeperrtog on the ntemaf equipment »* and the type of meson to ce flown, tne catxi can bo« up to two crew, о addition to the ptots. wto operate the radar ana oppmg sonar Asematrvery, tho onbtn can how seven passengers or loo stretcher cases
|
|
|
Unite many naval hetcootors. me AB212ASWS main rotor cannot be towed to save valuable space on a sbo’s dock the AB212 retains Sols dstnctivo tvwvDtadcW rotor fijyout wbch was t»st used wdc#/ on the penoomg Mood 47
|
|
|
•7-20′ of the Italian navy wears the standard overall
medium sea-grey camouflage scheme. Dayglo
orange patches are also applied as on aid to visibility.
This machine serves with 5° Gruppo Eticotteri.
|
|
|
Роли» lor the AB212ASW is provided by n jungle Pratt A WWtnoy Canada Turbo TwwPac ongmo it actuaDy conaeto of paved PT6T hzboehafts which are counted together and drrre via a common gearbox
|
|
|
The Simple, twn Wodeo tar rolor 18 another typeal Be* design feature the rp of each blade s bnghtiy parted in Itakan national соЬигэ. – making it easy tor ground crew to see and avod the sp*mng rotor.
|
|
|
AX but I2 Of tho Ita&Hi rutvya AB.212ASW»wu t«toa wm an APS 706 or 700 search raoar There have a range of 0.9 to 148 kr
|
|
|
The A8.212ASW has an automated tight-control system whch gives hands off convorson under afl woaihot солсйюлз from the cruso stato lo hovonng ftglfl for ckppng sonar
|
|
|
To cut down on drag, tho floats are осЛэгео In an omorgency. these nflate alter a compressed air Coltte e activated
|
|
|
Agusta-Bell production
■. ^ 4 ;G: ‘Vjusta bu« many examples of – : commercially successful helicopter
“«o ‘«nomw ьэдт wdely
|
|
|
В A8.205: Eke achovod phenomenal success with its UH-tD/H miMary lieficoptors and Agusta built several tor bom homo and expert customers.
|
|
|
■ AB.412: Agusta began building the 412 in 1981 and. »n addition to the civilian version, has developed a specialised military variant
|
|
|
■ A8.204: A specialised ASW/ASV variant of me 204 was developed by Agusta for the Italian navy It was later replaced by the 212.
|
|
     
Agusta-Sikorsky
| |
◄ Rocket strike
Gun armament ►
A US Army Cobra
Early Bell AH-1 HueyCobras opened a new era in warfare. From the dawn of rotary-wing aviation it was apparent that the helicopter could become a revolutionary weapon of war if it was armed. The HueyCobra was the first 
On 16 August 1961, Bell test-flew a
Textron-Lycoming’s T53-L-13 engine bccamo standard on tho UH-1H;
Several test configurations were used on the ‘Huey’, increasing the speed to 402 km/h (250 m. p.h.).
A Weapons platform
