Category Helicopters

• Observation helicopter • Passenger transport • Trainer

First flown in its original form in 1962. the Enstrom 280 has been one of the most successful light piston helicopter designs ever. Whether teaching students to master the basics of helicopter flight, spraying crops, transporting busincsspoople across cities or patrolling pipelines, the Shark has proved popular with pilots and customers alike. Remarkably, the successful design has not changed much as the Shark remains an excellent utility helicopter.

Enstrom Shark

T Blended body

The streamlined fuselage of the Shark – the result of a carotul design study – is displayed for the camera.

profile

En>m»tn was formed in 1959 specifically to build a light hellcupier. The F-2H. designed by Kudy J Enstrom. fitsi fiew m 1062 8 the time the Improved F-2XA was built in 1‘X. x. t-asinim had been purchased by.1 logger cotpoouiort itirlxx barged F-28BM-‘-. built, along with a T-28 turi)ine-powered variant By 1075, production of the F-2SC lutd begtin. llu> vaiiam was phased out 111 1981. when the current I 2«l’ anil 2X0 appeared These models Інчате very popul. it and by 1993. met 900 of

these helicopters had been built. With a redesigned main gearlxxx, main rotor shaft, and an optional exhaust silencer, the F28 can Ik – configured for crop spraying wilh easily removeable lk»p|>er>, and is also available as a j* dice variant (F28F Sentinel 1 with a searchlight The 280FX is a substantially upgraded Version, with new seats, tail fins, faired landing gear and a covervd tail rotor shaft More than 170 1 281 and 280FXS weiv in service in 1993 l1ie 280 achieved some success as a military trainer.

Above: Operating with the Chilean army, tho Shark has proven to be an excellent utility helicopter.

With Chile, Columbia iliul Peru 0|xr. iting ilu* type- The military – nptiimscil ‘Г! 1*28. which lost mil to I he Ik’ll TH-67 lot the new I S Anny naming belie oplei requirement, is a similar aircraft.

e rotor tail is рояюпей at the end ottho
Atnough eramred 1» trovultcm on fcntj ftoW» tho entxn can oooomodato throo pavxm – i-i comfort tor snort trips. The pM is pL-‘. ir.*ed on IIto їхні wio,»vi tcv. (txcotrni vtobfity n ad (игсіопч
fZtf SHARK R22 BETA
110 КвЛі |II7 и ра.| 1B0 lovli (112 m. p.R.) *
Ї43 к*Л (ISO n. R.k.)
Ц. М-.І Although orognwtively dixtnQ Sir. ccut* of Ocv«tapmon4, me F-?8F after* bettor porlormanco mi ail hgnt ansa man lh* НоЬглоп R22. AJUiough not at powerful ns the 80 t CISCO. tho Г-28Е does not reqirro its largo ot a kxid-carrying саозоіу
F28F SHARK 168 kW (72Shp.|
280FX Shark
Constructed from a igfit aitciy and діггз tore, the •usttage otters excepi. onai strength at no penalty In wuignr T»ie tai txxxn eoian al roeta senr monocoauo consimclon The reselling woght ol Ию heSoopfer гз surpnsngy title
Bringing helicopter travel to the messes lias always boon a driving principle for manufacturers. Tho Enstrom company has gone n long way to resolve this with its designs.	Ю2 BftA 119 IW |lM6p.)
Ugh; utility helicopters
10 НК CB 75,40 m- I81B « П.)
■ eurocopter ECUREUIL Z The AS 350 is larger man tho Shark, but both are used in the same rotes Tho Enstrom achieves ths at a tower operational cost thanks to a less tuel-thirsly engina	■ europcopter GAZELLE: Tho stream і nod design looks very Simla/ to tho Enstrom Shark but the Garotte has proved to be far more ndaptabe. sewing widely m both CM and military roles.
■ ROBINSON R22 MARINER: Developed in the US. the R22 has been exported worldwide to serve as a utAty and tramng helicopter. The design has proved very successful

Eurocopter

Heli-liner ►

Another former Sea King /ob that the EH. 101 is sure to take up is the holt-liner role. It will carry passengers taster and much more safely, thanks to its third engine.

▼ Avionics testbed

Number PP4 was the naval avionics test aircraft, engaged in resting the systems for anti-submarine warfare. The aircraft was destro-,fC in an accident early in 1995. but tho crow escaped safely.

A Leaning fin

The tailfin of the EH. 101 has a pronounced loan to port, to counteract the effects of the mam rotor.

ATrials family

The EH. 101 systems wore first tested in the Sea King furthest from the camera. It is flying with tho civilian trials EH. 101 and the Royal Navy’s PP5.

The EH Ю1 has a •We-oMhi ext gloss coct-p/t wni •rub fund rtspiayr.

COMBAT DATA

MAXIMUM SPEED

Tt* Mvfe* t Vime powe/M «vnee. M*4*hap*d Мміао* and rota* tnaOm ol «trwrury *j. x..«1 wMocJynamc sNx* make n one oMn. laiioet пмсорім л /л. wono. міхn carrying a Ml load at «upon or ponanal II y*a

*» tmr »c»m t> patrol lory* «гея» c* in» ocean nun

»м НАМЛІГС m lavs (149 n p. li

гиіі»ьіі55ш. ал. і

EH Industries EH.101 Merlin

Merlin HAS. Mk 1 Type: tour-/su-seal mantime helicopter

Powerplant: ‘tvee 1724-kW (2.310-hp.) Rote – Royce/T urbomOca RTM322-01 turboshatts (Italian helicopters have three 1279-kW (1.7t4-hp.) General Electee T7CO-GE-GE-TBA turboshahs)

re

onli cmg toulute* fitted to the EK101. Another Vwluru is thermal de-icmy mots **!od lo И» rotor tedding edges

Maximum speed: 309 km/h (192 m. p.h.) Endurance: 5 hours

Weights: empty 7121 kg (15.666 B>.|; taadod 13530 kg (29.766 tb.)

The underairrege is a n»tfrThJice*y mtractobio trtcycte unit win а Mrwrabki rawwflMri. EH. 101 prototypes two Slewed simulated liard larong» at vudieol speeds of mao than 10 metros p3 ft.) per second

1 MERLIN: Built tor the Royal Navy, the pnmary anti­submarine variant ol the EH. 101 has a IU»y computerised avionic* suite and a 360’ scanning Bluo Kostnk radar. 2 CH-148 PETREL: Canada intended to use the EH 101 as its primary stvpborno ASW helicopter. But rising costs and a new govnrnment saw its cancellation m 1993

Dang? ftseper etsaronc support measures antennae ore 4tod to the front ind roar of me heteepte* The system warn* the crew of tho presence of enemy radar tranonvsMyts

The tear cabm contexts the dppng sonar and ns vwich. sorotuoy racks ‘ and cfcsoensers. a sonar operator ага и tacftcai systems о nicer

« CXrvr» Ю rjrrfinQ M(tn *OJ WptOCrt гамай or two ■ orty раї d Вш «tor* howewr»» Ж101 MMocapoMic* ccmvx) літі Ms» опит» тм*ш «а* Няроеп orExood

3 MILITARY UTILITY: On order for the Roy al Air Force, the military utility variant has a rea» loading ramp and can carry six tonnes ot cargo or 30 fully-equipped troops

ЕИ.101 ИПЯ SM44 Ka-tt’HUn t«ur tr’rrXoc*. UANIWR t«0 l. ghlnttH EiBMt, Ммуао», InlvnMi w»tiM *** fi*k " m Ге»ч«’п db iKprto*» о- Itirtc ilr-te – Sc игі*с« *ftt chv*« •attau mluiln nlvillti

4 HELl-LINER: Tho main commercial vanant will fly up to 30 passengers m an artne-styie cabin at a range of 1000 km (620 miies) Key markets include city-centre mutes and oil rig supply

Enstrom

• Anti-submarine warfare • Assault transport • Heli-liner

he EH.101 Merlin is the West’s most promising large naval anti-submarine and rescue helicopter. It is a big, attractive craft with a five-bladed rotor and a long fuselage, with the capacity for diverse military missions. Britain and Italy are equipping surface warships with EH.101s, and pilots praise its stability, handling and performance. Land-based military and civilian models will soon follow the successful maritime version.

ктла patented the

autogyro (or miroglro) design tor lus aircraft. Their key feature – and a vital coninUltlun to helicopter development – was the articulated tutor huh Its drag and flapping hinges allows I tltc individual tutor blades to nsc and fall аікі thus ‘evened out’ the lift Tlie lirst workable craft
the С. i. flew in January 1923 and covered » kin l3 miles». By Sc-ptenilxT 1928, taena’s C.8L Mk II design. |x»vcred In’ a I l9 k\ <200 lip » Lynx engine and based on an Avio SO і fttschge. IlCide a lO-kin (2S – mile» flight aenris the English Channel and on to Hart».

Cierva died in an airliner crash at Croydon in ІЯчешІчч 19.16. by which time his ideas

Above: do Havilland’s distinctive lines were evident in the C.24, designed and built by the company in 1931.

lud been accepted and he had formed his own company in England lltc С. Ю had a newly ilevelopetl tilling rotor, allowing it to take off vertically

To start the meet rotor spmng Mfcm taMr-of. Pw C tft and Шаг <*sgrw nhoducort а <*mi ігапатьюп *yscm imm vw men engnc. T»« лаг. controM by a rotor склф ana brake operator front rno cocxjut

A sawrvc. tnOc» Armetrong Sodotty Genet M*» іл їжіоі «вам tot kwit<0 tp. iwra mtatal »i theСЭ0А Tome RAF, the rrijne w<» knoen as the Oat I.

Although tne mtutl Cwrva dosagrm used rsretng mroran hifiwaix». ttw C. 19 wxt subooauu* modes avto смгрове-txrtt Sixty s« wero icence-butfi by л v Btx* and Co. Ltd. at ut Manchester in France. LtorO et Омег bud 25 dowynuled LeO СЭ0′. w*ste Госко vMif їли! ao cui’ipiti

Getting airborne in an autogyro

CIERVA S AUTOGYRO: The term ‘autogyro’ was coined by Juan а,, ід Cierva to describe his aircraft in which the S-eowtv* io main rotor provided lift tor vertical night.

FORWARO MOTION; With the Socfcod Uw engine was «»ied and polled the aircraft

•o>*ard On early designs the trtor won unlocked and m ^ow made the rotor rotate.

TILTING ROTOR: The C 30 used a drlveshaft horn the engine to Once the rotor had reached the required it was Med backwards

Cierva Autogyros

Kota Mx It (С 30A»> had a too xpeed oomporaUe to me n«od wrgfeMWSx»" AIMugh fW Rot» wem oflacncO to tn* School of Army Cocpeahcn trey *«• soon aswjnod a coastal radar catbraeon role The Storch was a «MukO Oerman StOt taaon arcraft

cm imsvbniaai. p ».) maAf

FI m V? t HC4IRRI ISO Mill (Ю «M l

ITS tax* (10* «М )

F<y yaw smutty. tn© С-ЭОЪ vertcal sutaces логе of а «.’«**> area A urge tax) In had а шиї trrimv ж in© extreme tear A vnrtl witrai tn was eho «too The hcnronW Ins hod upturned inch tor extra smutty

Among W« now huttures ot the С ЗОЛ vwra luklrv) rotor blndoe to allow смай htviganigc. nnd и reverse Mtoto* seclcn on tho port laipiane to counteract rotor tuque

LIFT FROM THE ROTOR: Combmed with the aircraft’s forward motion, tho spinrvng rotor cfcsc provided lift, much Uko a hciicopfor This aeowed the autogyro to make very short toko-offs

With an enpre of WOe "’ore poew И* П 20? w«ch-and-rmaa and хропшу haicopta* was at*» »o accompu*n vertical Ugh! usno two rtarmwiwd DMn The Storch ST01 атіЛ h»d a urge* onpre bul none Ы the. wxaldty Ot «he rotary wvprd types, iwyng on an arslrip Horn which Ю f Twain

cm

104 IW (140»* )

І;Ц. Ш

iCJOAxhod auoodrange раЛмтапса. comparable Ю mat of tha Starch Lack «I range wax

iitertoomngd capacity, whxnux meCervauMda largar іимире. mw to a bed

*«4 arorafl. weh more tarhaga

EH Industries

• Rotary-winged aircraft • Spanish inventor • British manufacture

Juan de la Cierva was born in September 1895. He designed and built a glider when he was 15. and his first three – engined aeroplane in 1918. His true aim was to design an aircraft that would be able to maintain lift, and land safely after an engine failure. Practical helicopters wore impossible with the engines and materials thon available, so he turned to the concept of an aircraft using an unpowered rotor for lift and a conventional propeller for propulsion.

Commercial successes ►

The most commercially successful early design was the C. 19. the first purpose-built autogyro. Twenty-nine wero built.

Air Ministry craft ►

British Air Ministry interest in Cierva’s designs began in the 1920s with tho C.6. Avro was among several Bntish companies ovontually licensed to build autogyros. Tho RAF evaluated several prototypes, including C.6s. a C.8L and C. 19s. In 1934/35. 12 C.30AS were delivered.

FACTS AND

>- Twelve C.30As (designated Rota Mk I) were delivered to the RAF in tho 1930s, followed by 13 civil examples after 1939.

► Among prosorvod Autogyros is a Rota Mk I (C.30A) at the RAF Museum, London.

► British-built C.19s woro sold in countrios like New Zealand, Japan and Australia.

■4 First successes

With subsidies from tho Spanish government, Cierva built the C.6 series, using Avro S04K fusdagci Such was its success that Оспа established a company in the UK

FIGURES

>• During World War II, a Joep was fitted with a rotor and towod behind an aircraft, using the autogyro principle.

► Juan do la Cierva became the first autogyro passenger in a C.60 on 30 July 1927.

► In the late 1920s. Cierva learned to fly his own autogyros.

PROFILE

• Army co-operation • Ambulance/search and rescue • Trainer

Conceived at the end of World War II, the Sycamore was designed by Raoul Hafner and was the first British helicopter to gain a civil certificate of airworthiness. It was used for search-and – rescuo duties and as an air ambulance by tho Royal Air Force, and was also tested by the British Army. The Sycamore was even used by the Federal German army and navy, and British examples saw combat service in Borneo, Cyprus and Malaya.

Bristol Sycamore

Picking up survivors ►

Sycamores pioneered helicopter soarch-and-rescue flights around tho United Kingdom. Most units used the HR. Mk 14 version in this role.

A Evaluation flight

The first Sycamore for Fighter Command. WV781, was flown to St Mawgan by two RAF pilots who had just been trained by Bristol company crows.

A Australian delivery

The aircraft-earner HMAS Vengeance took delivery of the Royal Australian Navy’s first threo Sycamore HC. Mk 51s.

Company colours ►

This Sycamore is flying over tho Severn Estuary not far from tho Bristol factory at Filton. The company gave up helicopter production after tho Belvedere.

FACTS AND

► The rotor blades were constructed of spruce and ply ribs with a plywood covering and a Hydrullgnum spar.

► Originally known as the Type 171, the Sycamore was Bristol’s first helicoptor.

► Tho Sycamore had a simple auto-throttle which the pilot could ovorrido.

FIGURES

>■ Tho last Sycamore version was the HR. Mk 14, which servod with Fighter Command’s No. 275 Squadron.

>• In early Sycamores tho pilot sat to port, but this was later changed to starboard.

► Tho main production version was the Typo 177 Mk 4, which had taller landing gear.

Bristol Sycamore
	Sycamore HR. Mk 14 Type: five-seat muiti-rofe piston-engined military hdicODtor Powerplanl: one 410-kW (550-hp I Alv* Leonides 73 radial peton engine Maximum speed: knVh (127 rn p. fij Initial Climb rate: 280 rrvmin (918 f. p.m ) Range: 430 km (265 ml) Service ceiling: 4724 m (15,500 tt.) Weights: empty 1877 kg (4.129 lb ), maximum 2452 kg (5,394 ID I Accommodation: five including pilot Dimensions: diamotor 14,8 m (48 It. 0 in.) length 18.63 m (61 tt. 2 In,) height 3.71 m (12 »L 2 in) tail rotor diamotor 2,93 m (D It. 7 m.)
Below: Federal Germany bought SO Sycamores. Two served as VIP transports and the others performed a range of military duties.
Above: Unfortunately for the Sycamore, it never survived into the turbmc ora. It it had it boon re-engined with a gas turbine It may have been in service for for longer. light-assault role in Malaya Hie Sycamore 11C Mk 11 was evaluated as an ait aniUilance and communications aircraft hy llte. Літу Ліг Corps
ACTION DATA
The three-btotfc anti – tenme rotor vr. tr, equpped with a Iroe-wheal so « could contirxre timing dLnng auio-rotation
The Бусатот ivnl ieonventcrvil осилил Dwcotoctvn Іе. і« find n мпрс Тлі it <yp’ trifofre. – and an auto route	Medical ovocuaton SyoarTcras hod uvrjo Pctscg* testers Wed to nlbw stretchers to Do occommodetod skMigp пегом ttw cabin	Lfcn many oany hetooptera, the Sycamore nad wooden rotor* wm л metal leading edge Metal tnoo wwo f-ttixt cn eocti root and rotor tip to correct uorodymma: bfltonco Tho bodes worn tufy antcutatcd n tx>th (tapping and dragging planer
SYCAMOREHRMkH 20-1 km* (177 e_f. h.|
170 к in’ll (105 n p. h.)
ItaiuMKM
Л Я06 ♦»naust was trttfKt to moo OCCTCJsng the dock when londng on nhpa. tho mno •eyfcxJer radial engno drew or n through an intake above the (ue«lage, :ind was coceod Ry an engne-dnven fan
Л long tan bumper protected Hw tul rotor, wticfi was зиэоерСЫо to cwm.*ge f ttwi jMut toad m a ncee-high altitude on landrg
B^ng helicopters ^^fCTTVE; The Ц. ІС! takes oil by raising ОощГК’"*. ■>,Ch "* *** ‘"ceasing the В"Пд Th# throttle.
on th^pOWER: Рад alters the pitch »W Dt’«. "* Vla con, ro’rwJS to, he ‘’«•O. giving greater hti to tho rotors

Bristol

• First RAF twin-rotor • Heavy-lifter • Search and rescue

Bristol’s excellent Belvedere gave new muscle to the Royal Air Force in the 1950s at a time when helicopters were becoming bigger and more versatile. With twin engines and tandem rotors, the slender, cigar­like Belvedere lifted and carried more than any previous RAF helicopter. Never successful in its original purpose as a naval craft, the Belvedere performed well hauling troops, supplies and weapons from land bases.

A Malayan mission

With emergency floats fitted to the side. Belvederes flew search and rescue missions and heavy lift sorties in the junglos of Malaya.

A Flying crane

Due to the lack of roads and the dense tropical /unglo. the Belvedere was used for transporting heavy items in the Far East.

▼ Back to the drawing board

The Type 173 was the initial prototype. On its first flight the tost pilot found it would only fly backwatds

A Naval trials

The Belvedere was initially developed to meet a Fleet Air Arm requirement for a ship-based transport and anti-submanno helicopter, but it was never ordered.

FACTS AND FIGURES

► The first Belvedere suffered noise and stability problems – rectified by rodosigning the rotor hubs and tailplane.

>• On 24 August 1952 the prototypo for the Bolvodcre series made its maiden flight

► The prototype was domonstratod at the Farnborough air show in September 1952.

► British European Airways leased n Bolvodero briefly but never used it in commercial service.

► The first production aircraft with Gazelle engines made Its Initial night in July 1958-

>• The Belvedere had a long career, onding Its RAF servlco in March 1969.

Bristol Belvedere

Below: Due to some handling and stability problems the designers settled on anhedral tailplanes originally fitted with largo endplates.

Type: short-range tactical transport Powerplanl: two 1092-kW u.465-hp | Napier Ga? ello NGa.2 turboshaft engines Max speed: 231 km/h (145 m. p.h. J Max cruising speed: 222 kmh П38 m p. h) Rale ol climb: 305 mfttw (1.000 f p m) Range: 121 km (75 m* | Ferry range: 740 km (460 mi.) Service ceiling: 5275 m (17.30? ft) Weights: empty 5277 kg (11.609 lb.); maximum overload take-on 9072 kg (19.958 >o) Dimensions: rotor diameter each 14 91 m (49 ft,) length rotors tuning 2736 m (90 ft ) heighi 5.26 m (17 ft I rotor disc area, both 349.30 m’ (3.758 aq ft)

Above: Bnhsh European Airways evaluated the Alvis Leonides – powered Typo 173. The dihedral tailplanes were a feature of the earfy prototypes.

performed with distinction. I hough never easy lo lly and always a challenge lo maintain, die Belvedere dill a Пік* job in die infancy | of large helicopters

Left: Based at RAF Soletar in Singapore, No. 66 Squadron Belvederes became known as ‘The Flying Longhouses’.

COMBAT DATA

urn Ajji Vit Ffjwj Cinjtitasrs

MAXIMUM SPEED

TharM to її» «МлЬггЛ СшгЛл ЬгЬОіМП міднім ОнЛнОмв Ш дхк» portomuxo aid мі n rxyntKK or pont-to-pctol "oocxch m tho e»ty i960» TNi Vah-?4 *u Awn put cood carry Ьдоа» loom

Prototypes used UxrwTes Motor engnes. which del not produce adoquato (XMrttf vrnn the «XCOVtol Napier Gazofe turboshalte люто fitted tho BoMtoero began to fulti its potento

This Belvedere of No. 26 Squadron wears Ihe original transport command colour scheme. The squadron’s Bclvedorer. saw active service in tho Far East whoro they adopted jungle camouflage.

222 kmti (138 m. p.n. l

btodednyy

A iwnch on toe port s*» cX the fuselage ccxAl «ft weights ql up to 270 kg {600 to.).

TROOP LOAD

cany? o My. rnned troop» it* BoViHXre cook) Mo cany up to t? »trotcn«r сам» together w<th nadicei attendant*. The large» Yak-?4 could cany •jp U> 30 troops, which wa* a very impress»»* acrutvement I» the Uto‘ 1950s The И 2І could «so cany stretchers for CAtuaOy *.acu*tx»i duiu»

XG474

The heat.») coont. v «Мй»з cr day •И right natnj*-nvii V*j И had dual СОгл’а“- aixj proviso *iaulom. it.; plot

The product on Befveoere tor the RAF had stoop, .mhorfrDi taitpiarsM when picwdod good stnbnly and extra lift.

Although tarty trai m appearance me ипоегсагтыде was an oxoetont design ofcnung operation *rom rough surfaced – The ensioong «rant wfioctn ai. o good manoointabMy on toe ground

20 It»opi

Uftng cjpat. lr* wa a prrnary con»de»aDCn m the огмцп ana «I three hthcoolw» crxAJ cany e им»» рв»*ма They ано had pto»1«on tor carrying unotnxxx) load»

9 in the jungle

LANDING SITE: With the suppfias earned on a sling the Belvedere did not need to land to supply troops on the ground. A small clearing In the single e all that was needed

8EIVEDERE HC m 1

KM t« 17.700 lb.|

^ lOW LEVEL: Thu RAF crows pnjqfcxffijVng thcr supply nvssions at very tow level to proven! detection by enemy fighters or ground forces. Th«s task required groat care and skill.

21» kg (4.66$ .5-І

ClERVA

n 1946 the first of Brantly’s helicopter

designs, the over-complex B-1, flew for the first time. Undaunted by the unpopularity of his initial design, Brantly went on to produce the best-selling B-2. Through at least three changes of company ownership, the B-2 remained in constant production, a testimony to the soundness of the basic design. Constant improvements allowed the type to remain in production from 1958 until 1994.

A Attractive presentation

Finished m a bright colour scheme, the Brantly B-2 is an attractive and sleek-hoking helicopter. Several examples remain in regular servico.

Unchanging design у

This early B-2A demonstrates the original lines of the typo and how little they wore fo change dunng three decades of production.

A Army evaluation

Five B-2s were tested by the US Army under the designation YHO-3-BR. No production order resulted from this evaluation and tho B-2 also failed to win orders from the British Army.

▼ In the business

This immaculate B-2B is seen under the ownership of Helicopter International Magazine.

FACTS AND FIGURES

► When Brantly was taken over by Hynes, tho B-2 becamo tho Brantly-Hynes B-2. It continued in production until 1994.

► Brantly also developed the 305, a larger, five-seat helicopter based on tho B-2.

Float, skid or wheeled landing gear was an option on all B-2s.

► James T. Kirnurn was tho third owner of the B-2 type certificate, and delivered he* first B-2B on 25 August 1990,

>• British Executive Air Services acquired a production licence for tho B-2.

> In 1992, a B-2B cost US$120.000 to US$135,000 depending on equipment fit-

Brantly В-2
B-2B Type: I wo-beat light helicopter Powcrplant: one 134-kW H80-«p. l Textron Lycoming п/О-360-AiA flat-four piston engine Max speed: ’61 km/h (100 ntpA) at sna lovel Max cruising speed: 145 km/h (90 m. p h.) at 75 per cent power Initial climb rale: 590 m’rmn (t.900 f. p.m i at sea level Range: – too km (250 mi.) With maximum fur – and roiwrvor.
Bolow: A choice of undercarriage gave the B-2 added flexibility. These floats soom overly large for such a small machine, however, and must have roducod performance dramatically.
Service ceiling: 3290 rr. іп. оос ft i Weights: empty 463 kg (1.020 lb) (with sk-ds): maximum take-off 757 kg (1.665 lb )
Dimensions: main rotor diameter fuselage length height main rotor dec area
7.24 m (23 ft. 9 in.) 6.62 m |21 ft 9 m| 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in.) 41 16 m – (443 sq ft.)
ACTION DATA
Eacn man rotor bade s n two зесЬсжтз. the oulbotro twit detach^ for o:rv, уггл-эде m confined spacos A srantess stool wutWig edge atop о fitted to the ncn romovablo section,	A compart тот.: о the forward port ol the tailcone pro-ados «расо for n uvixutium of 227 kg |5Q lb.| of boggayo. Tire tnakos I ho 0 ? a iiaohrl lotirvig mnchria
With 11» mfrooucticn oi UAjed yvi/rnj f»-o В-2Л and В ргемаеа a ivurji better afc-round van sorr.
The fuselage ‘i Of Stool tutio – jlructum іхЛ Uvi talcono is of ai чгю*и guessed skn construction Tho looocxl tailnKW also provides projection lor If» tal rotor when the aitcralt m По-лп r. ro tght soaoes
surfaces. This зяггаИ « asо fitind wild ground-nandbig w«u»s Oinor lancing peer optens are Hoots я ake.
I 8ELL 47: One of the earliest product*» helicopters, having been produced from 1946. the Model 47 wits still in production during the 1960s. Many hundreds were built	■ ENSTROM F-28: Having or. fored production during the autumn of 1963. tho F-23 was intended to offer exceptional value for a throe – seat lightweight hnlcoplnr
■ HUGHES 269: Hughes found a very successful formula with its mthor ungainty – looking l. fodcl 269. Hundreds of aroralt were built in the US and under licence.

Bristol

◄ Resupply at sea

Transporting stores at sea is tlw UH-46’s mam task, ferrying toads from replenishment ships to warships. HH-46s serve n a similar role, but have a winch for scarch-and-rescuc duties.

▼ Frozen North

In support of US Manno Corps detachments CH-46s arc deployed to Norway. This is especially challenging as crews have to fly over the mountainous terrain m extreme weather

▼ Shot down

This CH-46 was shot down dunng the American intervention m Grenada. One of the weaknesses of the Sea Knight is that it has WOc armour and is vulnerable to small arms fire.

Storm service ►

Tho biggest doptoymont for the CH-46 in recent years was Operation Deserf Storm. Sixty wore used for such varied tasks as casualty evacuation, resupply and vertical replenishment.

FACTS AND FIGURES

► The prototype flow on 22 April 1958, with tho first production CH-46 following on 16 Octobor 1962.

► Tho US Army tostod n version of tho CH-46 but docidod not to operate it.

► In 1965 tho Sea Knight replaced tho Sikorsky H-34 with Marino units in Vietnam.

► Some 669 Sen Knights were built: US Ha’H and Marine Corps models served in Operation Desert Storm.

>• Other military versions of this holicopler a** employed In Canada. Japan and Sweden.

► The V-22 tilt rotor has begun replacing d* CH-46.

Wlten the Iwln-turijtnc

CH-К» Чм Knight was introduced it provided a new М. ІІКІЛПІ ol performance to tlx? Navy and Marino Corps Uoih needed a strong, roomy, versatile |к*1ко|Кег for cnnilkil. support. To the Navy, this meant vcrtlail replenishment – using liclit t ipters to haul cargoes to %hlp> U e. t Hie Marine Corps Ittcd flu.- CIM6 to earr>’ comh. il tpjops ilinMly Into I kittle, anil Intany wl>o 4 ieil m Vietnam are alive khI. iv heeauve the
4-а Knight snatched them to safety In ми the Ivaltlclk’ld

After mure titan three decades of service many 4m Knights are now approaching ІІК’іг limit of KM*ft flying hours Д numliei Clf illtpn iVVIIients luvv licvn made to tlk’se valiant wamors I Hit the fleet is nmv пмгіу її»

Іч – tepl. iivil ‘Піе I S N;iv ts evaluating the Кашли К-Max

liclico|>fef to take over the i ll tfis supply mission, while the Marine Corps is planning in buy »J* Uell-Uoetng ’-li Олріеуч io replace its 2V< remaining Sea Knights.

AnoBmr in®fw«nnMl tutrotaed to the CH-4fiE ■ tho uou o* (ЫйзМкО tc«иг ЫаЛ« At CH 4<iu.« a powerad bux»t fcAine system	Ал CH 46« remansog m wvxo rontart the T58-GE-16 ongrnv wtiicti was adoot od togeihn* wrtfi gUss-tPm rotor blades os pad ot и modrtostion programme
Th* ttnac t Aiders rruri rotors rotato s’ mtwvoni droctuna The uso of f»gtvnxxinitxl engnn aftows trvi гаКмі arm to ІМ vwy roomy, but nwhn* the Sou Knqht top hnaw and very vukwablo to turning over when thn iwrnitl has dcchod о u rungti soa
Up to 25 fii»y equpprxl con<wi troops can bo camod in the heotage. Tho ftoor ot tho спит и НІгкІ wilt і roUoro to tsKMtato cargo loadng, and thwe а а cargo hook for understung toad», into inn fusouge
AR1NES
Tfw СОСГ-СНІ uo 9tld tM> P*» ana л kxi hncroiwi r. v»’ l»CU AlYi Kind ip t)v. q. »4ff

MAXIMUM SPEED

Mott nssaue heAooptor* are not very «*u, navwo U»t» t*Ay urframea designed «0» cenynQ capacity rather man speed Duty OOiwraty. tved tosntj at аіма Ot extreme danger
:r Mfng t? Г mtn machine guns Troops «wt fhrougn tno a wdo doors onfy used for crow
cs-ui su seer КШХ	miatllMngM MS UVtl (164 яі. р.х I
Ttv unaotravnago * non ‘Btrnaattok bid is stiungtnonod to witt ы and tho ntgh rates» of vortical sr* common to — озшіііі і Miscoptiv s ог:«» atng hom araatti_u-v»».

Rescue under fire in Grenada

DOWNED: Owing the American G’onada. a Cobra gunstvp *e« – J* ^*n *! •anteen sports 47? Ooroon The ptot. Captain n

И*- Qragpod hi* wounded

‘•ИЙС*!-’* U,0,V and caUe<1

t“’vun ,h’* omergency radio

SEA KNIGHT RESCUE: A Marine Corps CH-46 from USS Guam landed and picked up Howard. Ties crew then waited on the giound lot Captain Soagio doepde the incoming guntire However, unknown to hes rescue’s. Seegle had been shot and W»ed. 4. <?»

COMMJUOO 77f Imt |IU ■ » ».|

Brantly

• Assault transport • Medium-lift helicopter • US Marine Corps

With Its familiar tandem-rotor

configuration, the CH-46 Sea Knight is easily recognised as the US Navy’s and Marine Corps’ version of the civil Model 107. This practical, versatile workhorse has operated sinco the 1960s and saw action in Vietnam and the Persian Gulf. The Navy relies upon the Sea Knight to supply its warships at sea. while the Marine Corps uses it as an assault helicopter. Despite its age, the CH-46 is still In service.

• Special operations • In-flight refuelling • Amphibious

With the Boeing MH-47E. the US

Army enhanced its ability to carry out secret missions deep in enemy territory at night and in foul weather. The dark, dangerous-looking MH-47E is today’s special operations version of the much – admired Chinook of the Vietnam era. With high-tech terrain-following radar and an infra­red sensor, the MH-47E is the trump card of the US Army’s famous ‘Night Stalkers’.

A Weekend warriors

Smaller saddle tanks identity this as an early MH-47D operating with an Oklahoma unit of the Amiy National Guard.

Missile attack ►

The avoidance of enemy missiles relics on low flying and a series of chaff dispensers situated on each side of the fuselage.

FACTS AND FIGURES

► Flfty-ono МН-47Е» arc In production; all will be operated by the Special Operations Aviation Regiment.

► Operational equipment includes terrain – following and mapping radar.

► The contract for development of the MH-47E was awardod to Boeing in 1987.

>■ Missions Include global clandestine, long* range airlift infiltration/oxfiltration into hostile territory.

► A platoon of Rangers can bo airlifted in

one mission.

► The Chinook can be completely refuelled in less than 4 minutes.

MH-47E Chinook Type: Special Forces support neJcoptcr Powerplant: two Textron Lycoming T55 i 714 tutboshaft onginor. Max speed: 285 km/h 0 77 m. p.h | at sea.’eve’ Max cruising speed: 259 km/h pet mi.) nt sea level Endurance: 5 hr 30 m*> Combat radius: SCO km (348 mu Range: иттуэтд 2224 km (1.382 mi); typical 1136 km (706 mi.) Weights: empty 12210 kg (26.918 lb.), maximum take-off 24.494 kg (54.000 lb.) Armament: two 12.7-mm machine-guns: Sixiger air-to-air missies Dimensions: rotor ammeter «8.28 m (CO ft ) looglh 15.87 m (52 ft.) height 5.59 m (18 tt. 4 m.) rotor area 282.6 m’ (3.042 sq. tt)
Below: This MH-47E is seen during maintenance. The type has proved to bo very reliable and looks set to equip special operations units into the next century.
Above: The mam transport assets of the SOF are seen here: a Chinook taking oft on an exercise with an accompanying CH-53E. recover SEAL teams. Establishment «I forward arming areas and refuelling points is another role assigned to the МІІ-Г. for which three 3028-litre fuel tanks are earned internal!} these are known as •Ial cow’ operations:
COMBAT DATA
Огечаьспа requirements speofod on up-iftipd у«гйХ1 of tr« Lyccmng rtigrxi lo mpruvo handling at tow lewW ard wfxsn Uo. innq
MH-47E Chinook
Devotoped in response to a request trom th • Special Operations Forces, the MH-rt. i. was dorivod from the standard CH-47D. but is fitted with extremely sophisticated avionics.
founded, їм – icmg-range opnrju<гл. the Oneok S*?8 ‘<хЛ ic bo titled wfih an mtWjht CKt*. aOcwrg rotuertng from a C-130 jwoukr. Wm a length of П rn (36 tt.). it в Ihe "ук: protjn oiinched to any лгсгеїі.
Located я :he nose is nn ЛРО-174 terram-tolowng OT wealht» глипт, and mounted linear the chin is an AAQ-16 FUF1 turret the awonca suto meant, that operaiiom can bo earned cut btnow Э0 m |9H it. I.
AdOional tuel tanks can do boHod on to the soes ot ttie fusefoge. о/іікхкХ* this requres moving trv «csewoeeis tOTAtVd to accommodate the ext>a vo»imo	Ttie ггч» cargo ramp в ottnn «it open dining oporatonn to aftew racxl «ax of troops Occascnauy, a irvitwardfting mochine-gun is Mtfid. mcreawig the atmument further.
DEPLOYMENT: Onch in Ifni ivmi of deployment, troops can leave fhn MH-47 by nbwilllng from the rear cargo Duong this «tagn. defeoirvo lirepower <s provided
NIGHT-HAWK: A comprehensive fit of terrain-following radar and FLIP turret lets the MH-47 tly at exTiwnaii/levels m i,.xvc?.it;,-f. s
Мнц; )ЬЕ° ,,Л ‘GE: To operate bohinaeneSybnOTMtw ■•Ncri p„.r’ v ‘:ri 3 telescopic in-flight refuelling probe ™……………. •’ ,rwward rites enables contact with a Hercules rch Entile a drogue behind its fuselage

Boeing-Vertol